This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between leptin gene polymorphism (LEP), specifically exon 2, and microsatellite of the growth hormone receptor (GHR-SSR) with the growth characteristics of Anglo-Nubian and Boer goats to identify useful markers for selecting animals with high genetic merit. The Toolkit program was used for obtaining the allele frequencies and heterozygosity. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was performed with GENEPOP software. Markers were in desequilibrium in all populations studied. Observed heterozygosity values for LEP were greater than expected heterozygosity. All animals showed the same electrophoretic pattern with two alleles (150 and 152 bp). On GHR locus was detected five alleles ranging from 90 to 125 bp. Birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (PD) were used to evaluate the influence of polymorphic fragments on the animal growth. They were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS software. The genotypes showed a significant effect on birth (BW) and weaning weight (PD). It is necessary to increase the number of samples to confirm the relationship among GHR and leptina polymorphic fragments GHR and growth characteristics.

Objetivou-se estudar a relação entre o polimorfismo no gene da leptina (LEP), especificamente o éxon 2, e o microssatélite do receptor do hormônio do crescimento (SSR-GHR) com as características de crescimento em animais das raças Anglo-Nubiana e Boer, a fim de identificar marcadores que possam ser úteis na seleção desses animais da espécie caprina de elevado mérito genético. Foram obtidas as frequências alélicas e heterozigosidade com auxílio do programa Toolkit. O teste para o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg foi feito com auxílio do GENEPOP, no qual os marcadores se mostraram em desequilíbrio para as populações. Para a LEP os valores de heterozigosidade observada foram bem maiores do que os esperados e todos os animais apresentaram o mesmo padrão eletroforétrico com dois alelos (150 e 152 pb). No loco do GHR observou-se cinco alelos com tamanho variando de 90 a 125 pb. Para verificar a influência dos genótipos dos fragmentos polimórficos do GHR e da leptina sobre o desenvolvimento dos animais foram utilizados os pesos ao nascer (PN) e ao desmame (PD), para os quais foi feito análise de variância e teste de médias com auxílio do procedimento GLM do programa SAS. Observouse efeito significativo dos genótipos sobre os pesos ao nascer (PN) e à desmame (PD). Sugerese, o estudo destes polimorfismos em maior número de animais para confirmação do efeito sobre características de crescimento.

Avaliou-se a capacidade de 71 actinomicetos isolados de líquens da região amazônica em produzir inibidores de β-lactamases com atividade antimicrobiana sobre Staphylococcus aureus, resistentes à penicilina, isolados de mastite bovina do estado de Pernambuco. A seleção dos actinomicetos produtores de inibidores de β-lactamases foi realizada pela técnica de bloco de gelose contra Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 29665, e os actinomicetos selecionados foram testados frente a 17 linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à penicilina. Os melhores produtores de inibidores de β-lactamases foram Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1542 e Nocardia sp. DPUA 1571, os quais foram submetidos ao cultivo submerso para determinação da curva de crescimento, pH e atividade antimicrobiana. Os maiores halos de inibição foram obtidos pelos metabólitos produzidos após 96 horas de cultivo tanto para Nocardia sp. - 13,5 e 12,0mm - como para Streptomyces sp. - 8,0 e 14,0mm - com os testes de difusão nos discos e poços, respectivamente. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os actinomicetos são fonte promissora de inibidores de β-lactamases, com potencial uso no tratamento de mastites bovinas

The ability of 71 actinomycetes, isolated from the Amazon lichens, to produce β-lactamase inhibitors with antimicrobial activity was evaluated against penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from bovine mastitis in Pernambuco State. The selection of actinomycetes producers of β-lactamase inhibitors was performed using agar-plug method against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 29665 and the selected actinomycetes were tested against 17 penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The best producers of β-lactamase inhibitors were Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1542 and Nocardia sp. DPUA 1571. They were submitted to the submerged cultivation to determine the growth and pH curve, and antimicrobial activity. The highest inhibition halo zonewas obtained by metabolites produced after 96 hours of cultivation for both Nocardia sp. (13.5 and 12.0mm) and Streptomyces sp. (8.0 and 14.0mm) with discs and well diffusion tests, respectively. The results showed that the actinomycetes are a promising source of β-lactamase inhibitors, with potential for use in the bovine mastitis treatment

We investigated the protective effect of suramin, an enzyme inhibitor and an uncoupler of G protein from receptors, on the myotoxic activity in mice of different crotalid snake venoms (A.c. laticinctus, C.v. viridis, C.d. terrificus, B. jararacussu, B. moojeni, B. alternatus, B. jararaca, L. muta). Myotoxicity was evaluated in vivo by injecting im the venoms (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) dissolved in physiological saline solution (0.1 ml) and measuring plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. Two experimental approaches were used in mice (N = 5 for each group). In protocol A, 1 mg of each venom was incubated with 1.0 mg suramin (15 min, 37ºC, in vitro), and then injected im into the mice at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg (in vivo). In protocol B, venoms, 1.0 mg/kg, were injected im 15 min prior to suramin (1.0 mg/kg, iv). Before and 2 h after the im injection blood was collected by orbital puncture. Plasma was separated and stored at 4ºC for determination of CK activity using a diagnostic kit from Sigma. Preincubation of some venoms (C.v. viridis, A.c. laticinctus, C.d. terrificus and B. jararacussu) with suramin reduced (37-76%) the increase in plasma CK, except for B. alternatus, B. jararaca or L. muta venoms. Injection of suramin after the venom partially protected (34-51%) against the myotoxicity of B. jararacussu, A.c. laticinctus and C.d. terrificus venom, and did not protect against C.v. viridis, L. muta, B. moojeni, B. alternatus or B. jararaca venoms. These results show that suramin has an antimyotoxic effect against some, but not all the North and South American crotalid snake venoms studied here.